Lincoln's Funeral at the Ohio Statehouse: 150 Year Anniversary

On Wednesday this week the volunteer organization at the State House, which represents Battery A, 1st Ohio Light Artillery, put on an encampment and demonstrations to commemorate the 150 year anniversary of the visit to Columbus of President Lincoln's funeral train, and his lying-in-state under the Statehouse Rotunda.

The morning was lovely and warm, and I brought my son along--who is just up to toddling-- in a stroller. The Military Telegraph Corps station was particularly interesting. I learned that operators became skilled enough to pace around and listen to several different keys tapping at once, and decode the messages in their heads. Most operators developed recognizable "voices" and could be distinguished from each other at the other end of the line!

The centerpiece of the encampment was the section of two brass guns manned by the 1st Light Artillery. These guns were originally cast by a foundry in Cincinnati in 1864 and actually fired the original salute to President Lincoln, but in Cleveland.

Memorial Day Weekend

I had several adventures this Memorial Day weekend, most of them involving or touching on Ohio history.

On Saturday, I went to a wedding reception at the Cultural Arts Center in Columbus, Ohio. The Center is housed in the old 1861 Arsenal in downtown Columbus, an imposing citadel-like structure with four turrets. At the corner of 2nd and Main Streets the exterior wall sports the original figurehead of the old battleship USS Ohio.

On Sunday afternoon, I visited Ohio Village in Columbus for a Civil War encampment. It's pretty rare that I have the time to give a blow-by-blow report of a reenactment, since I'm normally in the firing line.

The rebels had captured the village on Saturday and placed pickets on the outskirts of town.

The rebs' two-man pickets were under orders to fire and run at the approach of Federal troops.

Outside town, the 76th Ohio Volunteer Infantry prepared to attack.

All was quiet, except for a Rebel detail guarding a group of Union POWs.

Finally, the Ohio regiment appeared on the outskirts of town, sending the picket line running back to their companies.

A Union company, marching by files at the quickstep, deployed behind a building.

After a few earsplitting volleys (it's hard to tell if the men were double-charging their muskets or if I was not used to being down range) the Union troops began to fire by file, cutting down the Rebels in the town square.

The rebs were game for a fight but found the village green too hot and decamped.

I got a good action shot of the Federals pressing the Confederate Infantry. The skirmish continued through the town and into the meadows beyond.

The color party of the 76th Ohio marched triumphantly through town. Prisoners were rounded up and wounded seen to.

Casualties of the street fighting lay everywhere. These men died near a monument to the late war with Mexico. In the background the Union staff officers survey the carnage. In the War of the Rebellion, this skirmish was one of a thousand small actions that will be forgotten, while only the bloodiest battles make it into schoolbooks.

On Monday, I made it up to Fort Meigs for a Memorial Day commemoration. Memorial Day was organized as a remembrance for the fallen soldiers of the American Civil War. Later on, it became a general day of remembrance for the dead of all US conflicts. Civil War veterans were instrumental in preserving Fort Meigs, as during the 1870s and 1880s the War of 1812 was passing from living memory. The monument raised in 1908 was dedicated by the Grand Army of the Republic, a Civil War veterans organization.

Despite cold and rainy weather, we were able to hold memorial services at the three major monuments at the Fort, including the newly erected Kentucky Monument. We also braved the wet weather to perform our usual musket and artillery demonstrations.

Wreath laying at the Pennsylvania Monument, on a sunnier Memorial Day.

Civil War Encampment at the Ohio Statehouse

Yesterday I happened upon one of the encampments that the 1st Ohio Light Artillery does at the Ohio Statehouse downtown. It was really neat to see cannons being fired and hearing the reverb off the downtown skyscrapers. The unit will be hosting a full scale reenactment at Ohio Village (next to the Crew Stadium) on Memorial Day weekend.

Fort Polaski National Monument

Last week I had an opportunity to visit Fort Polaski National Historic Site outside Savannah, GA.

Battlecry! ACW Boardgame First Playthrough

The Christmas gift I had most anticipated was the 150 anniversary edition of Avalon Hill's Battlecry! Battlecry! is a tabletop war game that uses the  Command and Colors rules system. The objective for each player is to capture as many of the opponent's colors (flags) as possible. This is to be accomplished by destroying combat units and killing generals.

Wikipedia.org map by Hal Jespersen.

My first scenario was the First Battle of Bull Run. Scale is variable in this highly abstracted game, so in this case each player gets a roughly equivalent array of infantry, artillery, and cavalry. Since the high point of the historical battle was the fight for Henry House Hill, the scenario represents this part of the engagement.

The Union Army under General McDowell attempted to flank the wide-flung Confederate positions along the ridges behind Bull Run. In the event, the brigades of his attacking divisions straggled into the fight on Henry House Hill, and launched a uncoordinated assault. The Union commander starts out with a fairly substantial line of several brigades--however, they can only order a few units to move and fight at a time.

The Confederates, for their part are outnumbered but a brigade of fast-moving cavalry on the left flank may provide a counteroffensive advantage.

First blood. As Federal troops march by the flank to concentrate for an assault, they venture too close to the Confederate lines and begin to get peppered by rifled-musket fire. The hex grid game board is divided into three sections, and orders are generally limited to each section. I was using my own battlefield "experience" to concentrate troops on the left flank but this meant that I needed more "left flank" command cards to order them forward.

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's infantry earn their nickname by taking a position atop Henry House Hill. On their right, an artillery battery gets unlimbered for enfilade fire. The game doesn't differentiate between smoothbore gun-howitzers like the 12-pounder Napoleons and longer-ranged rifled artillery like 3-inch ordnance rifles, or between foot and horse artillery for that matter.

 The steadfast Stonewall Brigade get run off by two Union infantry regiments in a echelon attack. I didn't know that the defensive advantages of field works and hills don't stack in this game, so I had the Virginians dig in. The Feds are exposing their own right flank in the attack--although flanks are not a liability per se in the simplified Command and Colors rules, exposing a flank can allow opposing forces to concentrate the firepower of several units on one.

 The Federal right flank wasn't entirely hanging in air--a regiment of cavalry waited nearby for the inevitable Reb counterattack. However, the Rebs got a reinforcement of one cav regiment which I joined to Stuarts brigade in the spirit of concentration. When the cavalry was unleashed it nearly wiped out the Federal right wing. The Federal cavalry wisely held itself in a defensive line on a hilltop. The game represents Civil War cavalry as fighting mounted, which is only part of the story. The rules as they stand fail to capture the support and flanking function of cavalry units in combat. Luckily, the Command and Colors system is highly flexible for history nerds like myself who want to introduce more nuanced tactics.

 The Rebs are slowly forced back on the Union left, but only after a fearful loss of men. There is no time limit, but I feel that at this point in the battle the Rebels would have gotten fresh brigades up to push back the exhausted attackers. The game simulates attrition rather than disorder in the opposing armies. On the Union left, JEB Stuart's cavalry rode too close to the artillery battery and got turned into a fine red mist with double canister (artillery is probably overpowered in the game rules, being effective at range and extremely deadly at close range). The "Battlecry" command card is a trump for the Union, allowing many different units to volley at once.

At last, too much blood is let on either side to continue the Union offensive. Neither side can hold the hill. At this point in the historical battle the green Federal troops panicked before a vigorous Confederate counterattack and stampeded almost to Washington itself. Their equally green rebel opponents failed to pursue with any vigor. When it was over, the First Battle of Bull Run had cost more casualties than any other American battle up to that point. It was only a taste of the carnage to follow.

I'm pretty happy with the Command and Colors system, and particularly with the game board itself. The rules are easy to tweak and modify. The artwork on the box and game cards is atrocious, but the card drawing system to represent the fog of war and initiative works very well. None of the scenarios adequately explains whether you are shuffling around small mobs of plastic figures to represent regiments, brigades, or divisions: this makes it easier to scale the battles up or down, but makes the gameplay much more generic.

A project fueled by Diet Squirt: rows of early War US Regulars waiting to take the hex grid battlefield.

I'm working on a company-scale version of this game, using the Battlecry! terrain and hex map, but substituting War of 1812 units and defining the scale as infantry company--cavalry troop--artillery section (1 or 2 guns). I'll add more detail such as infantry skirmishers and cavalry vedettes, and use rules for horse artillery, Indians, and different quality infantry units. It should make for a richer experience. One of the great things about the Battlecry! set is that you can add 1/72 scale plastic figures or make your own counters from http://www.juniorgeneral.org/. I'll post more updates as I continue to game and work on this project.

Fort Sumter 150th Anniversary

Today is the 150th anniversary of the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter, which began the American Civil War. It's semi-well known that for the bloodiest American war ever fought, the opening salvos were bloodless.... Well, technically. Two Union soldiers died after the surrender of the fort: one of Major Anderson's conditions for the surrender was to be permitted to fire a 100-gun salute to the US flag before lowering it. A spark landed in one of the piles of cartridges next to the guns (strange laxness for an experienced artillery officer like Anderson!) and killed Private Daniel Hough, mortally wounding Private Edward Galloway. A stranger incident occurred shortly before that, as recounted by Shelby Foote... Before the surrender was negotiated, the first casualty was when Roger Pryor of the Confederate  truce party mistook a bottle of iodine for water, and had to be saved with a stomach pump by the fort's surgeon.